The parasite Angiostrongylus Vasorum, is a serious threat and is becoming increasingly common across the UK. Many pet owners are unaware of the risk, leaving their dogs vulnerable. Contrary to what the name might suggest, lungworm doesn’t only infect the lungs. It’s a parasitic worm that takes up residence in the heart and the major blood vessels leading to the lungs of an infected animal. It is a serious condition that can be fatal if left untreated. It cannot be transmitted to humans.
The life cycle of the parasite starts with an animal that is already infected with lungworm passing larvae in its faeces. These larvae are then eaten by slugs and snails, which become carriers of the infection. When your dog eats one of these infected slugs or snails, either deliberately or accidentally, the larvae are also ingested. They burrow through the intestinal wall and travel through your dog’s body, eventually settling in the lungs where they mature into adult worms. The adult worms lay eggs in the lungs which are coughed up and swallowed. The eggs pass through the intestinal system and out via the faeces starting the cycle all over again.
How Do Dogs Get Infected?
The most common way dogs become infected is by ingesting infected slugs and snails. This is why spending time in the garden or a walk through the park can be a risk. It’s not just the larger snails that pose a threat; even tiny, hard-to-spot slugs and snails carry the larvae.
In addition to eating a slugs and snails there are other ways your dog can be exposed:
- Contaminated Toys: If your dog’s favourite toy or ball is left outside overnight, a slug or snail might crawl over it, leaving behind the infectious larvae.
- Outdoor Food and Water Bowls: These are magnets for slugs and snails, and if your dog drinks from a bowl that has been visited by an infected slug, they could ingest the larvae.
- Eating Grass: Dogs often eat grass, and in doing so, they can accidentally swallow tiny snails or slugs that are hidden amongst the foliage.
While all dogs are at risk, puppies and younger dogs are particularly susceptible. Their curious nature often leads them to explore with their mouths, making them more likely to ingest something they shouldn’t.
Spotting the Signs
One of the most worrying aspects of lungworm is that the symptoms can be difficult to spot and easily mistaken for other, less serious health issues. This is why it is so important to be vigilant.
- Respiratory Issues: Look out for a persistent cough, especially after exercise. Your dog might also seem to have difficulty breathing. These symptoms can be mistaken for kennel cough.
- Bleeding Problems: This is a key indicator of a more advanced infection. Look for unexplained bruising, nosebleeds, or prolonged bleeding from minor cuts. It is a serious sign that needs immediate veterinary attention.
- Behavioural Changes: Your normally energetic dog might become lethargic, reluctant to play, or seem generally depressed. They may also show a lack of interest in their food.
- Other Symptoms: Keep an eye out for weight loss, vomiting, or in severe cases, neurological problems like seizures.
If you spot any of these signs, don’t hesitate. Contact us immediately on 01243 765247 and talk to one of our vets.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The good news is that if lungworm is caught in its early stages, it is easily treatable. Your vet can make the diagnosis in a number of ways, including a faecal test to look for larvae, a blood test, or even a chest X-ray to check for changes in the heart and lungs. Once diagnosed, your vet will prescribe anti-parasitic medication to kill the worms.
Prevention is Better Than Cure
The best way to protect your dog is through prevention. Here are three important things you can do:
- Regular Preventative Treatment: Speak to your vet about a year-round prevention plan. Not all worming treatments protect against lungworm, so make sure you ask for a product that is effective against it.
- Keep Your Garden Safe: Regularly check your garden and clear away any slugs and snails you find. Get into the habit of bringing in your dog’s outdoor toys and water bowls each night to prevent them from being crawled on.
- Faeces Management: Always pick up your dog’s faeces. This is a vital step in breaking the lungworm lifecycle and protecting other dogs in the community.
Lungworm may be a growing threat, but with a little awareness and some simple preventative measures, you can ensure your dog stays happy and healthy.
Call us if you are concerned
Call 01243 765247 or visit our clinic at 3 Downley Road, Havant, Hampshire, PO9 2NJ.
image by Stefan Walkowski
